WHAT IS THE LANGUAGE OF COMPUTER?

ALL INDIA LINK -WELCOME TO MY -BLOG

 WHAT IS THE LANGUAGE OF COMPUTER?
As computer is an electronic machine, it can feel only electricity. It cannot understand human languages. So computer can understand a language which is directly related to electricity. So which language the computer can understand? The answer is binary language or machine language. The binary language consists of only two numbers 0 and 1 where 0 represent low voltage and 1 represent high voltage.

New words can be formed by mixing 0’s and 1’s. For example, 11 means 3, 100 means 4, and 101 means 5. Alphabets should be given some code so that they can be easily converted to binary form. For example, in ASCII code A means 65, B means 66 and so on. Therefore 65 can be converted into binary form and when it is fed to computer, it can be understood as we expected.

It is too difficult for humans to write instructions in a pure binary form. So assembly language was developed. It consists of mnemonic codes such as ADD, SUB, STA and so on. These instructions will then be converted to machine language which the computer will happily understand and perform actions accordingly.

One layer above, we have high level language which is easy to understand. Examples are C, C++, Java, Python, and so on. Above these there are very high level languages that are mostly used for some special purpose. SQL, for example, is a very high level language.

RAM क्‍या होती है । ( RAM Kya Hoti hai )?

ALL INDIA LINK -WELCOME TO MY -BLOG

RAM क्‍या होती है । ( RAM Kya Hoti hai )?

SMPS ( Switched Mode Power Supply )

ALL INDIA LINK -WELCOME TO MY -BLOG

• SMPS ( Switched Mode Power Supply ),
  
  एक विधुत पावर देने का यन्त्र है. ये विधुत की पावर को बदल कर सप्लाई करने का काम करता है. SMPS दुसरे पॉवर सप्लाई से अलग है क्योकि ये कंप्यूटर को जरूरत के हिसाब से ही पॉवर देता है. बाकि के पॉवर सप्लाई यन्त्र की ही तरह ये भी पहले पॉवर को लोड करता है, फिर उसे वोल्टेज और करंट में बदलता है फिर उसे मेंन पॉवर सप्लाई में देता है. ये पॉवर को D.C. से  D.C और . D.C. से A.C. में बदलता है. इसमें अलग अलग तरह के रेगुलेटर भी होते है जो LPS ( Linear Power Supply ) में इस्तेमाल होते है, क्योकि इनके पास वोल्टेज को संभलने की शक्ति होती है, खासकर ट्रांजिस्टर ( Transistor )और डायोड ( Diode ), ये कंप्यूटर के हर हिस्से को जरूरत के हिसाब से ही पॉवर देते है. SMPS के रेगुलेटर लगातार अलग अलग पॉवर सप्लाई पर काम करते रहते है, इसीलिए इसकी जरूरत की महत्वता बहुत बढ़ जाती है, जिसे नाकारा नही जा सकता.
• 
  
• 
  
• SMPS के प्रकार :
• 
  
• 1.       D.C. से D.C. Convertor 
• 
  
• 
  
• 2.       Forward  Convertor
  
• 
  
• 
  
• 3.       Flyback Convertor 
• 
  
• 
  
• 4.       Self – Oscillating Flyback Convertor  
• D.C. Convertor :
• 
  
• SMPS को जो पहली पॉवर सप्लाई मिलती है वो AC में मिलती है, जिसको बाद में फ़िल्टर करके DC में बदल दिया जाता है. ये फिर एक बहुत तेज़ गति से पॉवर को बदलता है लगभग 15 KHZ से 50 KHZ  तक, साथ ही ये उस पॉवर को स्टेप – डाउन ट्रांसफार्मर को दे देता है. स्टेप – डाउन ट्रांसफार्मर तुलनात्मक रूप से 50 HZ यूनिट के साइज़ का होता है. तब इसे पॉवर सप्लाई के आउटपुट को भेज दिया जाता है. साथ ही इस आउटपुट का एक सैंपल वापस स्विच के पास भेज दिया जाता है ताकि आउटपुट वोल्टेज को कंट्रोल किया जा सके. 
• ATX POWER SUPPLY SECTION
• AC/DC RECTIFIER AND FILTER SECTION
• POWER STARTER AND SB VOLTAGE SECTION
• OSCILLATOR,ERROR AMPLIFIER,REFERENCE VOLTAGE REGULATOR AND DRIVER SECTION
• OUTPUT SWITCHING SECTION
• DC OUTPUT SECTION
• 3.3V REGULATOR SECTION
• PG SECTION
• PS ON SECTION
• OUTPUT PROTECTOR SECTION
• 
  
• 
  
• जो पॉवर सप्लाई D. C. को दी जाती है उसे बड़ी फ्रीक्वेंसी पर 15 से 50 KHz पर तोड़ दिया जाता है, जिसे करने के लिए एक एक्टिव डिवाइस जैसे BJT, पॉवर MOSFET, SCR या एक पॉवर बदलने वाले ट्रांसफार्मर का इस्तेमाल किया जाता है. यह फेराइट कोर का आकर फ्रीक्वेंसी के साथ कम हो जाता है. इसकी कम से कम सीमा लगभग 5 kHz होती है और ज्यादा से ज्यादा सीमा 50 kHz तक होती है. इसके बाद विधुत की जिन तरंगो को बदला गया था उन्हें फ़िल्टर किया जाता है. 
• SWITCH MODE POWER SUPPLY पॉवर सप्लाई
• पॉवर सप्लाई मुख्यतः दो तरह कि होती है
• 1. REGULATED POWER SUPPLY
• 
  
• 2. UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY
• कंप्यूटर में REGULATED POWER SUPPLY काम में लायी जाती हैं जिसे ATX POWER SUPPLY कहते हैं
• 
  
• ATX POWER SUPPLY में 20-24 PIN के होते हैं
• 
  
• Pins Wire Color Volt
•  PIN NO.1 ORANGE +3.3V
• PIN NO.2 ORANGE +3.3V
• PIN NO.3 BLACK GND
• PIN NO.4 RED +5V
• PIN NO.5 BLACK GND
• PIN NO.6 RED +5V
• PIN NO.7 BLACK GND
• PIN NO.8 GRAY/WHITE PG +5V
• PIN NO.9 PURPALE +5V,SB
• PIN NO.10 YELLOW +12V
• PIN NO.11 ORANGE +3.3V
• PIN NO.12 BLUE/BROWN -12V
• PIN NO.13 BLACK GND
• PIN NO.14 GREEN PS/PW 2.7V
• PIN NO.15 BLACK GND
• PIN NO.16 BLACK GND
• PIN NO.17 BLACK GND
• PIN NO.18 WHITE/BLUE -5V
• PIN NO.19 RED +5V
• PIN NO.20 RED +5V
• 
  
• 
  
•  कुछ connectors के बारे में :-
• 
  
• 20 + 4 Pin ATX / Motherboard Connector: –
• 
  
• यह कनेक्टर केबल सीधे – सीधे motherboard को connect करता है . यह motherboard को 12 voltage current provide करता है . AT SMPS 20 का और ATX  SMPS 24 पिन का होता है . जिस motherboard में 20 पिन का socket होता है , वंहा 24 पिन और जिस motherboard में 24 supported socket होता है , उसमे 24 पिन का connector लगता है .
• 
  
• 
  
• 
  
• CPU 4 + 4 Pin Connector :-
• 
  
• motherboard पर लगने वाले processor अथवा CPU के लिए ४ पिन का 12V supply करने वाला connector .
• 
  
• SATA Power Connector :-
• 
  
• कंप्यूटर में connected हार्ड डिस्क , dvd rom को SATA power connector से पॉवर सप्लाई होता है , यह भी 4 पिन का connector होता है .
  
  
  
• 
  
• 
  
• 
  
• 
  
• 
  
• 
  

ALL INDIA LINK -WELCOME TO MY -BLOG

 Always Stick The Mouse Pointer To Dialog Box Button:? 

• पीसी पर काम करते हुए न जाने कितने डायलॉग बॉक्‍स ओपन होते हैं। इन बॉक्‍स में आपको हमेशा Ok, Cancel, Save आदि बटन पर क्ल्कि करना होता हैं, जिसके लिए माउस पॉइंटर को उस डायलॉग बॉक्‍स तक लाना होता हैं।
• 
  
• यदि आप अपना किमती समय बचाना चाहते हैं, तो अपने माउस पॉइंटर को ऑटोमेटिकली डायलॉग बॉक्‍स तक लाए।
• 
  
• Control Panel में Mouse ऑप्‍शन पर क्लिक करें।
• 
  
• Pointers Options टैब को चुनें।
• 
  
• Snap To सेक्शन में Automatically Move Pointer to the Default Button को चेक करें।
• 
  
• Computer Tips Tricks Hindi
• 
  
• अब OK पर क्लिक करें।
• 
  

Open web page from Windows command line - कमांड प्रॉम्प्ट से खोलिये कोई भी साइट ?

ALL INDIA LINK -WELCOME TO MY -BLOG

Open web page from Windows command line - कमांड प्रॉम्प्ट से खोलिये कोई भी साइट ?  

अगर आपको नहीं पता है कि आपके पीसी में cmd यानि कमांड प्रॉम्प्ट कहॉ हैं तो आप रन कमांड का प्रयोग करें, इसके लिये रन डॉयलॉग बॉक्स को ओपन करने के लिये कीबाेर्ड से विंडोज लोगो-बटन के साथ R प्रेस कीजिये 

रन डॉयलॉग बॉक्स ओपन होने पर यहॉ CMD टाइप कर एंटर कर दीजिये

अब यहॉ Start www.mybigguide.com टाइप कीजिये अौर एंटर कीजिये

आप Start के बाद जिस साइट का नाम टाइप करना चाहें कर सकते हैं..... है ना मजेदार !

TYPES OF COMPUTER CASES?

ALL INDIA LINK -WELCOME TO MY -BLOG

 TYPES OF COMPUTER CASES? 

ANS:- COMPUTER CASES IS 4 TYPES 

1.FULL TOWER

2.MIDTOWERe

3.MINI TOWER

     AND          

4.SLIM LINE

NOW START OK
1.FULL TOWER:-

Full-tower cases are generally big with a height that is about or more than 30" the number of internal drive bays inside these cases can be between 6 and 10.
2.MID TOWER:-

Another case that might be a step down, would be classified as a Mid Tower case. Mid Tower cases are about-18 to 24 (45 to 60c.m)inches high-and they usually contain 2 to 4 internal drive bays.
3.MINI TOWER:-

MINI TOWER  usually have up to 2 or some times 3 internal drive bays.mini cases normally-stand at a height of 12 to 18 inches (30 to 45 c.m).
4.SLIM LINE:- Slim line cases are simply tower cases turred on their sideways.

What is a Computer Keyboard?

WELCOME TO                   ALL INDIA LINK

Description

What is a Computer Keyboard?

• A computer keyboard is an input device used to enter characters and functions into the computer system by pressing buttons, or keys. It is the primary device used to enter text. A keyboard typically contains keys for individual letters, numbers and special characters, as well as keys for specific functions. A keyboard is connected to a computer system using a cable or a wireless connection.
• 
  
• Typical keyboard for a desktop computer
• typical keyboard
• Most keyboards have a very similar layout. The individual keys for letters, numbers and special characters are collectively called the character keys. The layout of these keys is derived from the original layout of keys on a typewriter. The most widely used layout in the English language is called QWERTY, named after the sequence of the first six letters from the top left.
• Other sets of keys common to almost all keyboards are entering and editing keys (e.g., Enter, Delete, Insert), modifier keys (e.g., Control, Shift), navigation keys (e.g., arrows for up, down, left, right) and lock keys (e.g., Caps Lock). Additional keys are very operating system specific (such as the Windows and Apple keys).
• 
  
• Most keyboards also include a set of function keys at the top (F1, F2, etc.). The function keys typically perform a very specific task within a particular software application. So, what they do may depend on what you are doing on your computer at the time.
• 
  
• Most keyboards for desktop computers also contain a separate numeric keypad to the right. Even though there are numeric keys already in a row near the top, having them all close together makes it faster to enter numeric data. On smaller keyboards, like those on most laptops, these numeric keypads are typically no longer present due to space constraints.
• 
  
• Here, you can see a typical keyboard layout. Keep in mind that there are many different variations on this layout, although most manufacturers follow this general pattern:
• Computer Keyboard Parts and Functions:-
• Computers are everywhere -- even hotel room locks and car keychains use them. For most people, computers revolve around data input. The most common human data input method is the standard 104-key keyboard. While there are several vendors and some variations between types of keyboards, the basics don't change much between them.
• General Typing Area
• 
  
• The general typing area is dominated by the 46 alpha-numeric keys. Each alpha-numeric key produces two symbols, the second reached by holding down the "Shift" key while pressing the alpha-numeric key. The standard layout for this part of the keyboard is the QWERTY layout, which dates back to 1878. Alternative layouts include variations on QWERTY for different languages and the Dvorak keyboard layout. The alpha-numeric key area is surrounded by keys for moving the cursor. The "Enter" key advances text on the screen by one line or ends a paragraph in most word processing and email programs. The "Spacebar" inserts a space. The "Tab" key moves the cursor to the right by a fixed number of spaces. Holding down the "Shift" and "Tab" keys at the same time will move the cursor to the left the same distance as the "Tab" key moves it to the right. The "Backspace" key deletes characters to the left of the cursor.
• 
  
• CTRL, ALT and Function Keys
• 
  
• Computer keyboards have specific function keys. Some, such as the "Alt" and "Ctrl" keys, are held down with other keys, for example "Ctrl-C" for copying. On Macintosh keyboards, the "Command" key replaces the "Ctrl" key, and Windows keyboards have the "Windows" key for opening the Start menu with a single keystroke or opening specific programs in conjunction with another key. In addition to these keys, most keyboards also have function keys at the top row of the keyboard or down the right edge. Function keys are labeled "F1" through "F10" or "F12." Most function keys have uses that pertain to the operating system and are uniform across programs, such as "F1" to open the Help system. Many programs repurpose function keys for program-specific uses. Many laptop keyboards have additional, hardware-specific functions tied to the function keys, accessed by holding down the function key and a special "Fn" key. These include controls for adjusting the screen brightness, speaker volume or turning the Number Lock function on or off.
• 
  
• Navigation and Editing Keys
• 
  
• To the right of the alpha-numeric keys are navigation and editing keys; these include the cursor keys, which have four arrows. These arrows move the cursor one space in the indicated direction. Holding down the "Shift" key with the appropriate arrow key will move the cursor one word left or right, or one paragraph up or down in most text editing programs. Above these keys are a block of six keys that include the "Insert" and "Delete" keys, the "Home" and "End" keys, and the "Page Up" and "Page Down" keys. The "Insert" key toggles text insertion; when active, new text is inserted when entered. When inactive, new text overwrites existing text. The "Delete" key deletes characters to the right of the cursor. The "Home" and "End" keys move the cursor to the beginning and end of a file, respectively, while "Page Up" and "Page Down" move the cursor one full screen up or down the file.
• 
  
• Legacy Keys
• 
  
• Nearly every keyboard also has keys that date back to the dawn of computing. The "Esc" key interrupts a program automatically. The "PrtScrn" key used to send the contents of the screen to a text file or line printer, and is used to take screen captures. The "Scroll Lock" (usually spelled "ScrLk") key prevents the text in the screen buffer from scrolling (or, in some programs, allows you to scroll through a volume of text without changing the cursor position) and the "Pause/Break" key tells a shared time computer system that your computer is about to send data. Many keyboards omit the "ScrLk" and "Pause/Break" keys completely, as few programs use them at all.
• Numeric Keypad
• 
  
• At the far right of most full-sized keyboards is a numeric keypad. This keypad is activated when the "NumLock" key is toggled -- this will be indicated with a light somewhere on the keyboard. Any numbers entered here will appear on the screen. When the "NumLock" key is turned off, the numeric keypad replicates the "Arrow," "Home," "End," "PageUp" and "PageDown" keys. Most numeric keypads have their own "Enter" key to speed up data entry, additional keys for four-function arithmetic operations and sometimes other mathematical symbols, such as the equal sign and parentheses. Some special functions (such as entering ASCII codes in Windows) require holding down the "Alt" key and typing the ASCII code number with the numeric keypad, rather than the numbers at the top of the alpha-numeric keyboard area.
• 
  
• Hardware and Multimedia Keys
• 
  
• Keyboard manufacturers, and especially operating system publishers, often add keys with specific functions. These can give direct access to hardware functions such as controlling volume, pausing or playing multimedia files, or opening specific programs or Web pages. Some keys also open commonly used programs such as the Calculator program. Some keyboards have custom buttons that can be assigned to open specific programs with a single keystroke.
• What are the F1 through F12 keys?
  
• Commonly known as function keys on a computer keyboard, F1 through F12 may have a variety of different uses or no use at all.
• F1
• 
  
• Almost always used as the help key, almost every program opens a help screen when this key is pressed.
• Enter CMOS Setup.
• Windows Key + F1 would open the Microsoft Windows help and support center.
• Open the Task Pane.
• F2
• 
  
• In Windows renames a highlighted icon, file, or folder in all versions of Windows.
• In Microsoft Excel edits the current active cell.
• Alt+Ctrl+F2 opens document window in Microsoft Word.
• Ctrl+F2 displays the print preview window in Microsoft Word.
• Quickly rename a selected file or folder.
• Enter CMOS Setup.
• F3
• 
  
• Often opens a search feature for many programs including Microsoft Windows when at the Windows Desktop.
• In MS-DOS or Windows command line F3 will repeat the last command.
• Shift+F3 will change the text in Microsoft Word from upper to lower case or a capital letter at the beginning of every word.
• Windows Key + F3 opens the Advanced find window in Microsoft Outlook.
• In Windows Explorer start the search function.
• Open Mission Control on an Apple computer running macOS X.
• F4
• 
  
• Open find window in Windows 95 to XP.
• Open the address bar in Windows Explorer and Internet Explorer.
• Repeat the last action performed (Word 2000+).
• Alt+F4 closes the program window currently active in Microsoft Windows.
• Ctrl+F4 closes the open window within the current active window in Microsoft Windows.
• F5
• 
  
• In all modern Internet browsers, pressing F5 will refresh or reload the page or document window.
• Ctrl+F5 forces a complete refresh of the web page, clearing the cache and downloading all contents of the page again
• Refresh the list of contents in a folder.
• Open the find, replace, and go to window in Microsoft Word.
• Starts a slideshow in PowerPoint.
• F6
• 
  
• Move the cursor to the address bar in Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, and most other Internet browsers.
• Ctrl+Shift+F6 opens to another open Microsoft Word document.
• Reduce laptop speaker volume (on some laptops).
• F7
• 
  
• Commonly used to spell check and grammar check a document in Microsoft programs such as Microsoft Word, Outlook, etc.
• Shift+F7 runs a Thesaurus check on the word highlighted.
• Turns on Caret browsing in Mozilla Firefox.
• Increase laptop speaker volume (on some laptops).
• F8
• 
  
• Function key used to enter the Windows startup menu, commonly used to access Windows Safe Mode.
• Used by some computers to access the Windows recovery system, but may require a Windows installation CD.
• Displays a thumbnail image for all workspaces in macOS.
• F9
• 
  
• Refresh document in Microsoft Word.
• Send and receive e-mail in Microsoft Outlook.
• Opens the Measurements toolbar in Quark 5.0.
• Reduce laptop screen brightness (on some laptops).
• With macOS 10.3 or later, displays a thumbnail for each window in a single workspace.
• Using the Fn key and F9 at the same time opens Mission Control on an Apple computer running macOS X.
• F10
• 
  
• In Microsoft Windows activates the menu bar of an open application.
• Shift+F10 is the same as right-clicking on a highlighted icon, file, or Internet link.
• Access the hidden recovery partition on Compaq, HP, and Sony computers.
• Enter CMOS Setup on some computers.
• Increase laptop screen brightness (on some laptops)
• With macOS 10.3 or later, shows all open Windows for the active program.
• F11
• 
  
• Enter and exit fullscreen mode in all modern Internet browsers.
• Ctrl+F11 as computer is starting to access the hidden recovery partition on many Dell computers.
• Access the hidden recovery partition on eMachines, Gateway, and Lenovo computers.
• With macOS 10.4 or later, hides all open windows and shows the Desktop.
• F12
• 
  
• Open the Save as window in Microsoft Word.
• Ctrl+F12 opens a document In Word.
• Shift+F12 saves the Microsoft Word document (like Ctrl+S).
• Ctrl+Shift+F12 prints a document in Microsoft Word.
• Preview a page in Microsoft Expression Web.
• Open Firebug or browser debug tool.
• With an Apple running macOS 10.4 or later, F12 shows or hides the Dashboard.
• Access the list of bootable devices on a computer at startup, allowing you to select a different device to boot from (hard drive, CD or DVD drive, floppy drive, USB drive, and network).
• F13 - F15
• 
  
• On newer Apple keyboards the F13, F14, and F15 may be shown in place of the Print Screen key, Scroll lock key, and Pause key.
• F16 - F19
• 
  
• On newer Apple keyboards the F16, F17, F18, and F19 keys are above the number pad.
• F13 - F24
• 
  
• Early IBM computers also had keyboards with F13 through F24 keys. However, because these keyboards are no longer used, they are not listed on this page.
• Every keyboard has a set of Function Keys F1-F12 on the top row, however, the old computer sets used to have these keys gathered on the left side of the keyboard. While every function key caters special function, these can also be combined with Alt Keys and Ctrl Command keys to make the useful keyboard shortcuts. If you are a casual computer user, you might not really be aware of these function keys and their use. In this post, we will talk about what do these keyboard F1 to F12 function Keys do.                      THE END